IB Biology Topic D1.1: DNA Replication Key Definitions

An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain, using the original strand as a template.

DNA profiling is a technique used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.

DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell copies its DNA to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions during cell division. It is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze molecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size, charge, or shape.

The genome is the complete set of genetic instructions that determines the structure, function, and traits of an organism.

An enzyme that separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.

Ligase is an enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming covalent bonds between adjacent DNA nucleotides.

A technique that amplifies DNA, creating millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours.

Primase is an enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase III during replication.

When each new DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand.