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Base substitution
A base substitution is a gene mutation where one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.
Codon
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that specifies a particular amino acid or a start/stop signal during protein synthesis.
Conserved sequences
Conserved sequences are DNA or protein regions that remain unchanged across species or over time, indicating their essential functional roles.
Gene knockout
A gene knockout is a genetic technique where a specific gene is intentionally inactivated or "knocked out" to study its function.
Gene mutation
A gene mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, affecting the structure and function of proteins.
Mutation
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence, which can alter the instructions for building proteins or regulating cellular processes.