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Abstraction
Deciding which details of a problem to ignore so you can work with the parts that matter.
Algorithm
A precise, ordered set of steps that solves a problem or finishes a task, written so anyone following it gets the same result.
Decomposition
Breaking a big problem into smaller parts that can each be solved on their own.
Function
A named block of code that does one job, which you can call from anywhere in the program instead of rewriting it.
Iteration
Repeating a block of instructions, either a set number of times or until a condition is met.
Primary key
A field in a database table whose value is different for every record, so it identifies one record and only one.
Trace table
A grid used to follow a program by hand, with one column per variable and one row per step, showing how the values change.
Variable
A named store in a program that holds a value which can change while the program runs.