Acids and bases

Neutral solutions

pH, titrations and indicators

Acid and base characteristics

Formation of salts

Reactivity series

Redox reactions

Electrochemical cell

Uses of salts

Corrosion

Extraction

Chemical reactions and the conservation of mass

Balancing equations

Reversible reactions

Endothermic and exothermic reactions

Energy changes in a reaction

Collision theory

Chemical reaction kinetics rates

MYP Chemistry Redox Reactions Notes

What Do Oxidation and Reduction Mean?

Electron Transfer: The Core Idea

Many reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another.

These are called redox reactions (short for reduction–oxidation).

We use the acronym: OIL RIG

Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons)
Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)

Which means:

Oxidation = loss of electrons
Reduction = gain of electrons

These two processes always happen together: if one species loses electrons, another species must gain them.

Note

There is no oxidation without reduction and no reduction without oxidation.
Redox reactions always involve paired electron transfers.

Oxidation – Loss of Electrons

When a particle (atom, ion or molecule) loses electrons, it is oxidised.

We sometimes also describe oxidation as:

gain of oxygen (e.g. iron forming iron oxide), or
loss of hydrogen (e.g. hydrocarbons burning in oxygen),

but the electron definition is the most general and works for all redox reactions.

Example

Aluminium metal forming aluminium ions

$$\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{~s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 e^{-}$$

The aluminium atom loses 3 electrons.
It goes from Al to Al³⁺.
Therefore, aluminium is oxidised.

Reduction – Gain of Electrons

When a particle gains electrons, it is reduced.

Other older ways to describe reduction (often used in simple examples):

loss of oxygen (e.g. copper(II) oxide → copper),
gain of hydrogen (e.g. hydrogen added to an organic molecule).

Again, the electron definition is the most important: Reduction = gain of electrons.

Example

Aluminium ion gaining electrons

$$\mathrm{Al}^{3+}(\mathrm{aq})+3 e^{-} \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{~s})$$

The aluminium ion gains 3 electrons.
It goes from Al³⁺ to Al.
Therefore, aluminium ion is reduced.

Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

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MYP Chemistry Redox Reactions Notes

What Do Oxidation and Reduction Mean?

Electron Transfer: The Core Idea

Oxidation – Loss of Electrons

Reduction – Gain of Electrons

Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

What Do Oxidation and Reduction Mean?

Electron Transfer: The Core Idea

Oxidation – Loss of Electrons

Reduction – Gain of Electrons

Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

MYP Chemistry Redox Reactions Notes

Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

What Do Oxidation and Reduction Mean?

Electron Transfer: The Core Idea

Oxidation – Loss of Electrons

Reduction – Gain of Electrons

Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

What Do Oxidation and Reduction Mean?

Electron Transfer: The Core Idea

Oxidation – Loss of Electrons

Reduction – Gain of Electrons

Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account