MYP Chemistry Topic Acid and Base Characteristics…

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MYP Chemistry Topic Acid and Base Characteristics… | RevisionDojo

How Do Acids and Bases React with Metals, Carbonates and Oxides?

Acids and bases show predictable patterns of reaction with metals, carbonates and oxides. Recognising these patterns helps you:

predict products,
identify unknown substances,
and understand real-world processes like acid rain damage or antacid action.

Acids React with Metals

When an acid reacts with a reactive metal, the products are salt and hydrogen gas.
General word equation: $$\text{Metal} + \text{Acid} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Hydrogen gas}$$
Only sufficiently reactive metals (e.g. magnesium, zinc, iron) react with dilute acids in this way.
Less reactive metals like copper do not react with dilute acids under normal conditions.

Example

Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid:

Word equation: $$\text{Magnesium} + \text{Hydrochloric acid} \rightarrow \text{Magnesium chloride} + \text{Hydrogen gas}$$
Balanced symbol equation: $$\text {Mg}(s) + 2\mathrm{HCl}(aq) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgCl}_2(aq) + \mathrm{H}_2(g)$$
Magnesium replaces hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid, forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

Acids React with Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates

Acids react with carbonates (CO₃²⁻) and hydrogencarbonates (HCO₃⁻) to produce carbon dioxide, salt and water.
The general equations are: $$\text{Acid} + \text{Carbonate} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water} + \text{Carbon dioxide gas}$$ $$\text{Acid} + \text{Hydrogencarbonate} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water} + \text{Carbon dioxide gas}$$

Example

Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid:

Word equation: $$\text{Hydrochloric acid} + \text{Calcium carbonate} \rightarrow \text{Calcium chloride} +$$ $$+ \text{Water} + \text{Carbon dioxide gas}$$
Balanced symbol equation: $$\mathrm {2HCl}(aq) + \mathrm{CaCO_3}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{CaCl_2}(aq) + \mathrm{H_2O}(l) + \mathrm{CO_2(g)}$$
Calcium carbonate reacts to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

Note

Carbon dioxide gas is a byproduct of these reactions.

Acids React with Oxides

Many metal oxides (e.g. CuO, MgO, CaO) are basic oxides.
They react with acids in neutralisation reactions:
The general equation is: $$\text{Acid} + \text{Metal oxide} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water}$$

Example

Copper(II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid:

Word equation: $$\text{Sulfuric acid} + \text{Copper(II) oxide} \rightarrow \text{Copper(II) sulfate} + \text{Water}$$
Balanced symbol equation : $$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_4(aq) + \mathrm{CuO}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{CuSO}_4(aq) + \mathrm{H}{2}\mathrm{O}(l)$$
Copper(II) oxide neutralizes sulfuric acid, forming copper(II) sulfate and water.

Bases React with Acids and Non-Metal Oxides

Bases react with acids in a neutralization reaction, producing a salt and water.
The general equation is: $$\mathrm{Acid\ +\ Base\ \rightarrow\ Salt\ +\ Water}$$

Example

Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid:

Word equation: $$\text{Hydrochloric acid} + \text{Sodium hydroxide} \rightarrow \text{Sodium chloride} + \text{Water}$$
Balanced symbol equation: $$\mathrm{HCl(aq)} + \mathrm{NaOH(aq)} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl(aq)} + \mathrm{H_2O(l)}$$

Bases can also react with non-metal oxides (which are acidic) to produce a salt and water.

Example

Magnesium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide:

Word Equation: $$\text{Magnesium hydroxide} + \text{Carbon dioxide} \rightarrow \text{Magnesium carbonate} + \text{Water}$$
Balanced Symbol Equation: $$\mathrm{Mg(OH}_2)(aq) + \mathrm{CO_2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{MgCO_3}(aq) + \mathrm{H_2O}(l)$$

Tip

Pattern summary:

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
Carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + base/metal oxide → salt + water (neutralisation)

These patterns are very useful for predicting products in reaction questions.

How Do These Reactions Link to Proton Donors and Acceptors?

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MYP Chemistry Acid and Base Characteristics Notes

How Do Acids and Bases React with Metals, Carbonates and Oxides?

Acids React with Metals

Acids React with Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates

Acids React with Oxides

Bases React with Acids and Non-Metal Oxides

How Do These Reactions Link to Proton Donors and Acceptors?

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How Do Acids and Bases React with Metals, Carbonates and Oxides?

Acids React with Metals

Acids React with Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates

Acids React with Oxides

Bases React with Acids and Non-Metal Oxides

How Do These Reactions Link to Proton Donors and Acceptors?

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Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

MYP Chemistry Acid and Base Characteristics Notes

Periodic table5 subtopics

Matter5 subtopics

Types of chemical reaction18 subtopics

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)4 subtopics

Pure and impure substances2 subtopics

The atmosphere2 subtopics

Bonding4 subtopics

How Do Acids and Bases React with Metals, Carbonates and Oxides?

Acids React with Metals

Acids React with Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates

Acids React with Oxides

Bases React with Acids and Non-Metal Oxides

How Do These Reactions Link to Proton Donors and Acceptors?

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

How Do Acids and Bases React with Metals, Carbonates and Oxides?

Acids React with Metals

Acids React with Carbonates and Hydrogencarbonates

Acids React with Oxides

Bases React with Acids and Non-Metal Oxides

How Do These Reactions Link to Proton Donors and Acceptors?

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