Cell structure

Cell functions

Diffusion

Osmosis

Cell division

Mitosis

Meiosis

MYP Biology Cell Structure Notes

What Makes One Cell Different from Another?

Definition

Specialized cells

Cells that have undergone differentiation to acquire a specific structure and function adapted to a particular role in an organism.

Example

Red Blood Cells
- Biconcave discs to maximize surface area for oxygen.
- No nucleus = more room for hemoglobin.

Cells look different because they do different jobs.

A nerve cell looks nothing like a red blood cell because they have completely different functions.

The shape of a cell therefore directly relates to its job:

Red blood cells are concave discs (dimpled on both sides) to maximize surface area for oxygen transport.
Nerve cells on the other hand, are long and thin with branching extensions to transmit electrical signals over long distances.

This is what we refer to as the specialization of cells

Analogy

Cells are like different tools in a toolbox.
A wrench is just as useful as a hammer, they just do different things.

Tip

Look at the shape of the cell first, it's the biggest clue to what the cell does.

What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like?

Shape is the most obvious difference:

Animal cells: irregular, rounded, flexible shape.
Plant cells: regular, rectangular, box-like shape.

Plant cells have three structures animal cells don't:

Cell wall - thick, rigid outer layer (outside the cell membrane).
Chloroplasts - green, disc-shaped structures.
Large permanent vacuole - takes up 50-90% of the cell's volume.

Both cell types share these structures:

Cell membrane (though you can't see it easily in plant cells because of the cell wall).
Nucleus.
Cytoplasm.
Mitochondria.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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MYP Biology Cell Structure Notes

What Makes One Cell Different from Another?

What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like?

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What Makes One Cell Different from Another?

What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like?

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Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

MYP Biology Cell Structure Notes

Cells7 subtopics

Organisms7 subtopics

Processes10 subtopics

Metabolism4 subtopics

Evolution7 subtopics

Interactions with environment6 subtopics

Interactions between organisms5 subtopics

Human interactions with environments3 subtopics

Biotechnology3 subtopics

What Makes One Cell Different from Another?

What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like?

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What Makes One Cell Different from Another?

What Do Animal and Plant Cells Look Like?

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