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Caesura
A pause within a line, often marked by punctuation like a comma, dash, or ellipsis.
Endstopping
When a line ends with punctuation (., ;, !, etc.)
Enjambment
A line that continues onto the next without punctuation.
Meter
The rhythmic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line. Common meters include iambic pentameter (five iambs: da-DUM) and trochaic tetrameter (four trochees: DA-dum).
Refrain
A repeated line or phrase, usually at regular intervals (often at the end of stanzas).
Rhyme
Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds, often at the end of lines. Types include perfect rhyme (day/play), slant rhyme(room/storm), and internal rhyme (rhyme within a single line).
Stanza
A stanza is a group of lines, like a paragraph in prose.
Volta
A rhetorical or thematic shift, especially in sonnets, where tone or argument changes.