IB English A Lang & Lit Text Types Key Definitions

Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

A digital text written in a personal, often conversational voice, published on a website and typically structured around a single topic or opinion with informal register and direct address.

A short printed or digital document that uses structured sections, persuasive language, and visual design to inform and attract an audience toward a service, product, or destination.

A visual text, usually a single panel or short strip, that uses exaggeration, symbolism, and satire to comment on a social, political, or cultural issue.

A visual text that combines data, graphics, and minimal written language to present complex information in a concise, accessible format.

A text structured as a conversation between an interviewer and subject, using questions and answers to reveal opinions, experiences, or information, with deliberate framing and selection of content.

The spatial arrangement of elements on a page or screen. It guides the reader's eye and controls the flow of information.

A single-sheet printed or digital document, often folded, that provides concise information and persuasive content about a service, event, campaign, or organisation.

A written text addressed to a specific recipient, following conventions of salutation and closing, with register and purpose shaped by the relationship between writer and reader.

A longer-form text published in a periodical, combining factual content with stylistic features such as subheadings, pull quotes, and images to inform, entertain, or persuade a targeted readership.

A factual text structured around the inverted pyramid model, presenting the most important information first and using an objective, formal register to report on current events.

A text in which a named writer presents a personal argument on a current issue, using first person, rhetorical devices, and a distinctive voice to persuade or provoke the reader.

A text that evaluates a cultural product such as a book, film, or restaurant, combining description, analysis, and personal judgement to guide an audience toward or away from the subject.

A text composed for oral delivery to a live audience, structured around a central message and using rhetorical devices, repetition, and direct address to inform, persuade, or inspire.

One sentence, usually at the end of your introduction, that captures the main argument of your essay.

The writer’s attitude toward the subject or audience.

The style, size, and arrangement of text. Typography can convey tone and emphasize key ideas.

Voice is the distinct personality, style, or perspective that comes through in a text.

A digital text designed for online reading, combining hyperlinks, multimedia elements, and scannable layout to deliver information or prompt user interaction.