IB Design Technology Topic C1.2.2 Design Beyond the Average Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Design Technology Topic C1.2.2 Design Beyond the Average Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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The Average Person: A User Who Does Not Exist

Refers to targeting the 50th percentile, the statistical midpoint of a population.
1. Countertop height based on the 50th percentile adult male.
2. Toy or tool size based on the 50th percentile child’s hand.
Very few people are average in all dimensions.
A person might be average in height but have:
1. Longer-than-average arms.
2. Smaller-than-average hands.
Designing only for the average can unintentionally exclude many users.

Case study

The Cockpit That Fit Nobody
In 1950 the US Air Force was losing pilots in crashes it could not explain, and its cockpits had been built to the average of 1926 body measurements.
A researcher, Gilbert Daniels, measured 4063 pilots across ten dimensions that mattered for the cockpit, such as height, chest circumference and arm length.
He then asked how many of them were within the middle 30 percent on all ten dimensions at once.
The answer was zero.
Not one pilot out of 4063 was average, because being average on one dimension tells you almost nothing about the next.
The Air Force stopped designing to the average and mandated adjustable seats and pedals, and the crash rate fell.

Why Designing for the Average Excludes People

Excludes Users at the Extremes
1. Products based on the average often don’t fit people at the edges of the population range.
2. This can cause discomfort, inefficiency, or even safety hazards.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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The Average Person: A User Who Does Not Exist

Refers to targeting the 50th percentile, the statistical midpoint of a population.
1. Countertop height based on the 50th percentile adult male.
2. Toy or tool size based on the 50th percentile child’s hand.
Very few people are average in all dimensions.
A person might be average in height but have:
1. Longer-than-average arms.
2. Smaller-than-average hands.
Designing only for the average can unintentionally exclude many users.

Case study

The Cockpit That Fit Nobody
In 1950 the US Air Force was losing pilots in crashes it could not explain, and its cockpits had been built to the average of 1926 body measurements.
A researcher, Gilbert Daniels, measured 4063 pilots across ten dimensions that mattered for the cockpit, such as height, chest circumference and arm length.
He then asked how many of them were within the middle 30 percent on all ten dimensions at once.
The answer was zero.
Not one pilot out of 4063 was average, because being average on one dimension tells you almost nothing about the next.
The Air Force stopped designing to the average and mandated adjustable seats and pedals, and the crash rate fell.

Why Designing for the Average Excludes People

Excludes Users at the Extremes
1. Products based on the average often don’t fit people at the edges of the population range.
2. This can cause discomfort, inefficiency, or even safety hazards.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

IB Design Technology Topic C1.2.2: Design Beyond the Average Notes

A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

The Average Person: A User Who Does Not Exist

Why Designing for the Average Excludes People

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The Average Person: A User Who Does Not Exist

Why Designing for the Average Excludes People

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account