Understanding Design for Extremes
Definition
Design for Extremes
A design approach that ensures products work well for users at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, covering the smallest to largest range of users.
- Design for extremes targets users with the greatest physical, sensory, or cognitive needs.
- Aims to accommodate the widest possible range of users.
- Ensures accessibility for those at the edges of the user spectrum.
- Often results in products that are also easier and better for the general population to use.
Note
Design for extremes is not about creating separate solutions for different user groups. Instead, it aims to develop universal solutions that meet the needs of all users.
Types of User Limitations to Consider
- Physical
- Reduced strength, grip, reach, mobility, or dexterity
- E.g. arthritis, wheelchair use, limb difference
- Sensory
- Impaired vision, hearing, or tactile feedback
- E.g. colour blindness, partial or full sight loss, hearing loss
- Cognitive
- Difficulty with memory, attention, or processing instructions
- E.g. dyslexia, autism, learning differences
Advantages of Designing for Extremes
- Increased accessibility: More people can use the product, regardless of ability
- Universal usability: Solutions often simplify or improve the experience for everyone
- Meets legal and ethical obligations: Helps meet accessibility laws and inclusive design standards
- Drives innovation: Forces designers to rethink assumptions and develop creative, user-friendly solutions
Example
Voice Assistants (e.g. Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant)
- Assist users with visual impairments or limited mobility
- Widely adopted for hands-free convenience in homes, cars, and offices
Tetrapak Easy Opening Tabs (e.g. on juice cartons)
- Designed for users who struggle to twist caps or tear spouts
- Includes large tabs or twist caps with textured grip zones
- Often used in schools and care homes
