IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.4 Sublevels and Orbitals Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Chemistry Topic S1.3.4 Sublevels and Orbitals Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Sublevels (s, p, d, f): Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels and Their Shapes

Let's assume that you are walking into a massive multi-story library.
Each floor represents a different energy level, and within each floor, there are sections labeled by genre: fiction, science, history, and more.
Within each section, shelves hold books, neatly arranged.

Similarly, electrons in an atom are organized into energy levels (floors), sublevels (sections), and orbitals (shelves).

The Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels

Electrons in an atom are not scattered randomly.
Instead, they occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus, denoted by the principal quantum number $n$ (e.g., n = 1, 2, 3, etc.).
Each energy level is further divided into sublevels, which represent regions where electrons are most likely to be found.
These sublevels are labeled as s, p, d, and f, and their energy increases in the order: $$s < p < d < f$$

Key Features of Sublevels:

Sublevel Types:
1. s (sharp): The lowest energy sublevel.
2. p (principal): Higher energy than s.
3. d (diffuse): Higher energy than p.
4. f (fundamental): The highest energy of the four.
Number of Sublevels: The number of sublevels in a given energy level equals the value of n:
1. For n = 1, only the s sublevel exists.

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Sublevels (s, p, d, f): Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels and Their Shapes

Let's assume that you are walking into a massive multi-story library.
Each floor represents a different energy level, and within each floor, there are sections labeled by genre: fiction, science, history, and more.
Within each section, shelves hold books, neatly arranged.

Similarly, electrons in an atom are organized into energy levels (floors), sublevels (sections), and orbitals (shelves).

The Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels

Electrons in an atom are not scattered randomly.
Instead, they occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus, denoted by the principal quantum number $n$ (e.g., n = 1, 2, 3, etc.).
Each energy level is further divided into sublevels, which represent regions where electrons are most likely to be found.
These sublevels are labeled as s, p, d, and f, and their energy increases in the order: $$s < p < d < f$$

Key Features of Sublevels:

Sublevel Types:
1. s (sharp): The lowest energy sublevel.
2. p (principal): Higher energy than s.
3. d (diffuse): Higher energy than p.
4. f (fundamental): The highest energy of the four.
Number of Sublevels: The number of sublevels in a given energy level equals the value of n:
1. For n = 1, only the s sublevel exists.

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Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

IB Chemistry S1.3.4 Sublevels and Orbitals Notes

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter5 subtopics

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure4 subtopics

Structure 3. Classification of matter2 subtopics

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?4 subtopics

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?3 subtopics

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?4 subtopics

Sublevels (s, p, d, f): Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels and Their Shapes

The Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels

Key Features of Sublevels:

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Sublevels (s, p, d, f): Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels and Their Shapes

The Division of Main Energy Levels into Sublevels

Key Features of Sublevels:

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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