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Gases
In gases, particles are far apart and move freely in all directions. This explains why gases expand to fill the shape and volume of their container.
Intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces are the electrostatic attractions between molecules.
Liquids
Liquids have particles that are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. This allows them to flow and take the shape of their container while maintaining a constant volume.
Solids
In solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement. They vibrate in place but do not move freely, giving solids a definite shape and volume.