These changes illustrate the states of matter and their transformations, a cornerstone of chemistry.
Solids
In solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement. They vibrate in place but do not move freely, giving solids a definite shape and volume.
A cube of ice retains its shape unless it melts.
Think of a solid as a group of dancers standing in fixed positions on a stage: they can sway slightly but cannot move around.
Key properties of solids:
Liquids
Liquids have particles that are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. This allows them to flow and take the shape of their container while maintaining a constant volume.
Water in a glass conforms to the shape of the glass but does not expand to fill it.
Key properties of liquids:
Gases
In gases, particles are far apart and move freely in all directions. This explains why gases expand to fill the shape and volume of their container.
The air in a balloon spreads evenly to occupy the entire space.
Key properties of gases:
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