IB Biology Topic D2.2.8 Examples of Environmental Effects on Gene Expression in Cells and Organisms Revision Notes (HL)

IB Biology Topic D2.2.8 Examples of Environmental Effects on Gene Expression in Cells and Organisms Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

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Air Pollution Changes DNA Methylation and So Alters Gene Expression

Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), alters DNA methylation patterns.
Exposure triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, which drive epigenetic changes in key genes.

Pollution Silences Tumour-Suppressor Genes and Activates Inflammatory Genes

Hypermethylation of tumour-suppressor genes silences their expression.
1. This raises the risk of cancers such as lung cancer.
Hypomethylation of pro-inflammatory genes activates pathways that produce cytokines.
1. People exposed to high PM2.5 show increased activity in genes linked to chronic inflammation.
2. This is a precursor to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

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Air Pollution Changes DNA Methylation and So Alters Gene Expression

Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), alters DNA methylation patterns.
Exposure triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, which drive epigenetic changes in key genes.

Pollution Silences Tumour-Suppressor Genes and Activates Inflammatory Genes

Hypermethylation of tumour-suppressor genes silences their expression.
1. This raises the risk of cancers such as lung cancer.
Hypomethylation of pro-inflammatory genes activates pathways that produce cytokines.
1. People exposed to high PM2.5 show increased activity in genes linked to chronic inflammation.
2. This is a precursor to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic D2.2.8: Examples of Environmental Effects on Gene Expression in Cells and Organisms Notes

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

Air Pollution Changes DNA Methylation and So Alters Gene Expression

Pollution Silences Tumour-Suppressor Genes and Activates Inflammatory Genes

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Air Pollution Changes DNA Methylation and So Alters Gene Expression

Pollution Silences Tumour-Suppressor Genes and Activates Inflammatory Genes

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account