Notes for D2.2.9 Consequences of removal of most but not all epigenetic tags from the ovum and sperm - IB | RevisionDojo
D2.2.9 Consequences of removal of most but not all epigenetic tags from the ovum and sperm Notes
Epigenetic Tags Are Mostly Erased During The Formation of Gametes
This erasure ensures a "clean slate" for the next generation.
Chemical modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, do this by without altering the DNA sequence.
However, about 1% of these tags persist, leading to genomic imprinting a process where certain genes are silenced based on their parental origin.
Definition
Genomic imprinting
Genomic imprinting is a form of epigenetic inheritance, where the expression of a gene depends on whether it is inherited from the mother or the father.
Epigenetic Tags Persist To Regulate Genes Involved in Growth, Development, and Metabolism
These tags ensure that imprinted genes are expressed in a parent-specific manner.
The differences in ligers and tigons highlight how epigenetic tags inherited from parents can influence gene expression in offspring.
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Question 1
Recap question
In a newly discovered mammal where females provide all parental care and resources are scarce, which imprinting pattern for growth-promoting genes would you predict?
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What is the purpose of erasing epigenetic tags during gamete formation?
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Note
Introduction to Epigenetic Tags
Epigenetic tags are chemical modifications that regulate gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
They act like bookmarks, helping cells remember which genes to turn on or off.
Two primary types of epigenetic tags are DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
These tags play crucial roles in development, differentiation, and adaptation to environmental changes.
AnalogyThink of epigenetic tags as post-it notes on a book. The notes don't change the words, but they help you find important sections quickly.
Keywords
Epigenetic tags: Chemical modifications that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
DNA methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA, usually silencing gene expression.
Histone acetylation: Addition of acetyl groups to histone proteins, usually promoting gene expression.
