Garlic mustard is an invasive plant that secretes chemicals toxic to surrounding tree seedlings. A chi-squared test shows a strong negative association between their presence.

What is the best interpretation of this pattern?

SLPaper 1A

Which of these organisms uses photosynthesis as its primary mode of nutrition?

IB Biology Topic C4.1 Populations and Communities Questionbank

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sessile organisms

trees

motile organisms

microorganisms in lab cultures

It reduces sampling bias by giving each individual an equal chance of selection.

It allows organisms to be identified without using keys.

It is quicker and reduces bias compared to full counts.

It avoids having to estimate population size from a sample.

Their distributions are positively associated

Mutualism enhances survival of both

A statistically significant association, likely due to allelopathy

Both species rely on the same pollinators

Amoeba

Mushroom

A cyanobacterium

Earthworm