C3.1 Integration of body systems Questionbank

Axons only

Synapses only

Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres bundled together

Hormonal receptors and glial cells

Motor neuron

Cerebral neuron

Interneuron

Receptor neuron

From the spinal cord to sensory organs

From receptors to the brain

From the brain to muscles

Between glands and capillaries

Lowering blood sugar levels

Slowing heart rate

Increasing blood flow to skeletal muscles

Decreasing mental alertness

By generating alternating waves of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation controlled by the brainstem

By activating somatic motor neurons in the esophageal walls to forcibly push the bolus downward

By coordinating peristaltic waves through local neural circuits that respond to the position of the bolus

By sending hormonal signals from the stomach that trigger reverse peristalsis in the esophagus

Sympathetic nerves stimulate the brainstem to release melatonin

The cerebellum processes sensory input and slows the heart

Epinephrine from the adrenal glands triggers system-wide activation

Motor neurons stimulate glandular secretion across organs

I only

I and II only

II and III only

I, II and III

The CNS controls swallowing; the ENS regulates muscle contraction along the gut

The pituitary gland initiates peristalsis and regulates bile release

Conscious signals are only used to absorb nutrients

ENS only functions when the CNS is inactive

Memory storage

Regulating heartbeat

Coordinating skeletal muscle movement and balance

Processing visual input only

Both use electrical signals for long-term control

The endocrine system uses hormones transported in blood

The nervous system causes slow, widespread changes

Hormones are only used in reflex arcs