IB Biology Topic B1.1.4 Form and Function of Monosaccharides Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic B1.1.4 Form and Function of Monosaccharides Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Monosaccharides Are the Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrate.
They form the building blocks for larger carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Pentoses and Hexoses Are Grouped by Carbon Count

Pentoses (5-carbon sugars)
1. Ribose (C₅H₁₀O₅) and deoxyribose (C₅H₁₀O₄) are the key pentoses.
2. They form the sugar-phosphate backbone in nucleotides.
3. Ribose is found in RNA, and deoxyribose is found in DNA.
Hexoses (6-carbon sugars)
1. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is the most important hexose.
2. Hexoses often exist in ring forms, which are more stable and biologically active than straight chains.

Hint

Memory aid: "Pentagons Have Hexagons, Both Ring Stable"
- Pentagons = pentoses (5 carbons, e.g. ribose, deoxyribose).
- Have = hexoses (6 carbons, e.g. glucose).
- Hexagons = ring forms, more stable than straight chains.
- Both Ring Stable = both pentoses and hexoses exist in stable ring forms.

Glucose Forms Two Ring Isomers: Alpha and Beta

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a hexose whose ring has 6 atoms: 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
Glucose exists as two isomers: α-glucose and β-glucose.
They differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1.

Which polymer forms from each isomer (starch and glycogen from α-glucose, cellulose from β-glucose) is covered in B1.1.5 and B1.1.6.

Ribose and Deoxyribose Build the Nucleic Acid Backbone

Nice try, unfortunately this paywall isn't as easy to bypass as you think. Want to help devleop the site? Join the team at https://revisiondojo.com/join-us. exercitation voluptate cillum ullamco excepteur sint officia do tempor Lorem irure minim Lorem elit id voluptate reprehenderit voluptate laboris in nostrud qui non Lorem nostrud laborum culpa sit occaecat reprehenderit

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Monosaccharides Are the Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrate.
They form the building blocks for larger carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Pentoses and Hexoses Are Grouped by Carbon Count

Pentoses (5-carbon sugars)
1. Ribose (C₅H₁₀O₅) and deoxyribose (C₅H₁₀O₄) are the key pentoses.
2. They form the sugar-phosphate backbone in nucleotides.
3. Ribose is found in RNA, and deoxyribose is found in DNA.
Hexoses (6-carbon sugars)
1. Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is the most important hexose.
2. Hexoses often exist in ring forms, which are more stable and biologically active than straight chains.

Hint

Memory aid: "Pentagons Have Hexagons, Both Ring Stable"
- Pentagons = pentoses (5 carbons, e.g. ribose, deoxyribose).
- Have = hexoses (6 carbons, e.g. glucose).
- Hexagons = ring forms, more stable than straight chains.
- Both Ring Stable = both pentoses and hexoses exist in stable ring forms.

Glucose Forms Two Ring Isomers: Alpha and Beta

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is a hexose whose ring has 6 atoms: 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
Glucose exists as two isomers: α-glucose and β-glucose.
They differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1.

Which polymer forms from each isomer (starch and glycogen from α-glucose, cellulose from β-glucose) is covered in B1.1.5 and B1.1.6.

Ribose and Deoxyribose Build the Nucleic Acid Backbone

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic B1.1.4: Form and Function of Monosaccharides Notes

Monosaccharides Are the Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

Pentoses and Hexoses Are Grouped by Carbon Count

Glucose Forms Two Ring Isomers: Alpha and Beta

Ribose and Deoxyribose Build the Nucleic Acid Backbone

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Monosaccharides Are the Building Blocks of Carbohydrates

Pentoses and Hexoses Are Grouped by Carbon Count

Glucose Forms Two Ring Isomers: Alpha and Beta

Ribose and Deoxyribose Build the Nucleic Acid Backbone

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics