IB Biology Topic B1.1.5 Polysaccharides as Energy Storage Compounds Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Biology Topic B1.1.5 Polysaccharides as Energy Storage Compounds Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Starch and Glycogen: Compact Glucose Stores for Rapid Energy

Plants store energy as starch and animals store energy as glycogen.
Both are polysaccharides made entirely of α-glucose monomers, linked by glycosidic bonds.
Starch is a mixture of two molecules: amylose and amylopectin.
1. Amylose
  1. Amylose is an unbranched chain of α-glucose linked by 1,4 glycosidic bonds.
  2. The bond angles cause amylose to coil into a helical structure, making it compact.
  3. Because amylose is unbranched, it has fewer ends where enzymes can act, so glucose release is slower.
2. Amylopectin
  1. Amylopectin also has 1,4 glycosidic bonds but includes additional 1,6 glycosidic bonds that create branches.
  2. The branches give enzymes access to multiple chain ends at once, so glucose is released faster than from amylose.

Analogy

Picture amylose as a tightly coiled spring and amylopectin as a branching bush.
The bushier the molecule, the more ends are exposed for enzymes to snip off glucose quickly.

Glycogen: More Branched for Faster Glucose Release

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Starch and Glycogen: Compact Glucose Stores for Rapid Energy

Plants store energy as starch and animals store energy as glycogen.
Both are polysaccharides made entirely of α-glucose monomers, linked by glycosidic bonds.
Starch is a mixture of two molecules: amylose and amylopectin.
1. Amylose
  1. Amylose is an unbranched chain of α-glucose linked by 1,4 glycosidic bonds.
  2. The bond angles cause amylose to coil into a helical structure, making it compact.
  3. Because amylose is unbranched, it has fewer ends where enzymes can act, so glucose release is slower.
2. Amylopectin
  1. Amylopectin also has 1,4 glycosidic bonds but includes additional 1,6 glycosidic bonds that create branches.
  2. The branches give enzymes access to multiple chain ends at once, so glucose is released faster than from amylose.

Analogy

Picture amylose as a tightly coiled spring and amylopectin as a branching bush.
The bushier the molecule, the more ends are exposed for enzymes to snip off glucose quickly.

Glycogen: More Branched for Faster Glucose Release

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

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Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics

IB Biology Topic B1.1.5: Polysaccharides as Energy Storage Compounds Notes

Starch and Glycogen: Compact Glucose Stores for Rapid Energy

Glycogen: More Branched for Faster Glucose Release

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Starch and Glycogen: Compact Glucose Stores for Rapid Energy

Glycogen: More Branched for Faster Glucose Release

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

A - Unity and Diversity9 subtopics

B - Form and Function10 subtopics

C - Interaction and Interdependence9 subtopics

D - Continuity and Change12 subtopics