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A1.1 Water

A1.2 Nucleic acids

A2.1 Origins of cells (HL)

A2.2 Cell structure

A2.3 Viruses (HL)

A3.1 Diversity of organisms

A3.2 Classification and cladistics (HL)

A4.1 Evolution and speciation

A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity

B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids

B1.2 Proteins

B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport

B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization

B2.3 Cell specialization

B3.1 Gas exchange

B3.2 Transport

B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)

B4.1 Adaptation to environment

B4.2 Ecological niches

C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism

C1.2 Cell respiration

C1.3 Photosynthesis

C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)

C2.2 Neural signalling

C3.1 Integration of body systems

C3.2 Defense against disease

C4.1 Populations and communities

C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter

D1.1 DNA replication

D1.2 Protein synthesis

D1.3 Mutations and gene editing

D2.1 Cell and nuclear division

D2.2 Gene expression (HL)

D2.3 Water potential

D3.1 Reproduction

D3.2 Inheritance

D3.3 Homeostasis

D4.1 Natural selection

D4.2 Sustainability and change

D4.3 Climate change

IB Biology Topic A3.1.12: Difficulties Applying the Biological Species Concept Key Definitions

Definition

Biological Species Concept (BSC)

The biological species concept (BSC) defines a species as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, emphasizing reproductive isolation.

Definition

Clone

A group of genetically identical organisms or cells derived from a single parent.

Definition

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer involves the direct exchange of genetic material between unrelated organisms, bypassing traditional parent-offspring inheritance. It is especially common in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea).

IB Biology Topic A3.1.12: Difficulties Applying the Biological Species Concept Key Definitions

Definition

Biological Species Concept (BSC)

The biological species concept (BSC) defines a species as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, emphasizing reproductive isolation.

Definition

Clone

A group of genetically identical organisms or cells derived from a single parent.

Definition

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer involves the direct exchange of genetic material between unrelated organisms, bypassing traditional parent-offspring inheritance. It is especially common in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea).