Notes for A1.2.5 RNA as a polymer formed by condensation of nucleotide monomers - IB | RevisionDojo
A1.2.5 RNA as a polymer formed by condensation of nucleotide monomers Notes
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Definition
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that plays a key role in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genetic information.
RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that plays a key role in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genetic information.
RNA is a single, unbranched polymer of nucleotides.
Note
Ribose differs from deoxyribose (in DNA) by having an –OH group on the 2′ carbon, instead of just a hydrogen atom.
Structure of RNA Nucleotides
Each nucleotide consists of:
A ribose sugar (pentose)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (adenine, uracil, cytosine, or guanine)
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Questions
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1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
How does the number of possible RNA sequences scale with polymer length n, and what does this imply for genetic diversity?
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What are the three components of an RNA nucleotide?
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Note
RNA as a polymer formed by condensation of nucleotide monomers
A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. In the case of RNA, the monomers are nucleotides. When these nucleotides join together, they form a long chain called a polynucleotide.
Condensation reactions are chemical processes where two molecules join together, releasing a small molecule (usually water) in the process.
In RNA, nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds, which form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon of the next nucleotide's sugar.
AnalogyThink of a polymer as a necklace, where each bead is a monomer. In RNA, each nucleotide is like a bead, and the string holding them together is the phosphodiester bond.
