MYP Standard Mathematics Geometry of Shapes, Surface Area and Volume Key Definitions

The point where the triangular faces of a pyramid (or the curved surface of a cone) meet.

The amount of space available to hold something, often measured in liters (L) or milliliters (ml).

A 3D solid with a circular base and an apex (vertex). It is not a polyhedron because it has a curved surface.

Two figures are congruent if they have the same shape and the same size.

A transformation that multiplies all distances from a center point by the same scale factor, producing a similar image.

A rule that maps every point of a figure to a new point, producing an image of the figure.

A transformation that preserves distances (and therefore preserves shape and size). Translations, rotations, and reflections are isometries.

A 3D solid that has only plane (flat) faces.

The multiplier that compares corresponding lengths in an image and its pre-image under dilation.

Two figures are similar if corresponding angles are equal and corresponding lengths are in a constant ratio.

For a pyramid, the distance from the midpoint of a base edge to the apex, measured along a triangular face.

A 3D solid with one curved face; all points on its surface are equidistant from the center. It is not a polyhedron.

The total area of all the faces (or curved surfaces) on the outside of a 3-dimensional solid.

The perpendicular distance from the apex straight down to the base plane.

The amount of space a 3-dimensional solid occupies, measured in cubic units such as cm$^3$.