IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic C.3.1.1 Interaction of Personality and Situational Factors in Determining Motivation Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Sports, exercise and health science Topic C.3.1.1 Interaction of Personality and Situational Factors in Determining Motivation Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Motivation

Definition

Motivation

Motivation is defined as the direction (choice of activity) and intensity (level of effort) an individual applies

Motivation explains why people start an activity, how hard they work, and whether they stick with it.
Sage (1977) described motivation in terms of direction of effort and intensity of effort.

Direction and intensity of effort

Direction of effort is what an athlete chooses to approach, such as trying out for the football team but not the swim squad.
Intensity of effort is how much energy they invest once they get there.
Motivation shows up in five behaviours: direction, persistence, continuing motivation, intensity, and performance.

Analogy

Motivation is like driving a car, with the engine representing intensity and steering representing direction.
Intensity and direction are interrelated: motivated athletes exert consistent and dedicated effort.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal satisfaction, enjoyment, and skill development.
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside through tangible rewards (money, trophies, prizes) or intangible ones (praise, recognition, status).
The additive principle predicts that adding extrinsic rewards on top of intrinsic motivation increases total motivation.

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Deci and Ryan's Cognitive Evaluation Theory (1985) explains how rewards shape intrinsic motivation.
Controlling rewards lower intrinsic motivation because they push behaviour.
Informational rewards raise intrinsic motivation because they signal competence.
The same trophy can act as either, depending on how it is given.

Example

Intrinsic: a runner who trains every morning for the rhythm of running, or a basketball player drilling free throws for the satisfaction of better accuracy.
Extrinsic: a tennis player chasing prize money, or a footballer training hard for praise from the coach.

Need Achievement Theory

Definition

Need Achievement Theory

Need Achievement Theory (NAT) explains how personality and situational factors interact to influence motivation, emotions, and behavior in sports performance.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Motivation

Definition

Motivation

Motivation is defined as the direction (choice of activity) and intensity (level of effort) an individual applies

Motivation explains why people start an activity, how hard they work, and whether they stick with it.
Sage (1977) described motivation in terms of direction of effort and intensity of effort.

Direction and intensity of effort

Direction of effort is what an athlete chooses to approach, such as trying out for the football team but not the swim squad.
Intensity of effort is how much energy they invest once they get there.
Motivation shows up in five behaviours: direction, persistence, continuing motivation, intensity, and performance.

Analogy

Motivation is like driving a car, with the engine representing intensity and steering representing direction.
Intensity and direction are interrelated: motivated athletes exert consistent and dedicated effort.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal satisfaction, enjoyment, and skill development.
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside through tangible rewards (money, trophies, prizes) or intangible ones (praise, recognition, status).
The additive principle predicts that adding extrinsic rewards on top of intrinsic motivation increases total motivation.

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Deci and Ryan's Cognitive Evaluation Theory (1985) explains how rewards shape intrinsic motivation.
Controlling rewards lower intrinsic motivation because they push behaviour.
Informational rewards raise intrinsic motivation because they signal competence.
The same trophy can act as either, depending on how it is given.

Example

Intrinsic: a runner who trains every morning for the rhythm of running, or a basketball player drilling free throws for the satisfaction of better accuracy.
Extrinsic: a tennis player chasing prize money, or a footballer training hard for praise from the coach.

Need Achievement Theory

Definition

Need Achievement Theory

Need Achievement Theory (NAT) explains how personality and situational factors interact to influence motivation, emotions, and behavior in sports performance.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

IB Sports, exercise and health science C.3.1.1 Interaction of Personality and Situational Factors in Determining Motivation Notes

A.1 Communication3 subtopics

A.2 Hydration and nutrition3 subtopics

A.3 Response3 subtopics

B.1 Generating movement in the body4 subtopics

B.2 Forces, motion and movement3 subtopics

B.3 Injury2 subtopics

C.1 Individual differences2 subtopics

C.2 Motor learning2 subtopics

C.3 Motivation3 subtopics

C.4 Stress and coping2 subtopics

C.5 Psychological skills2 subtopics

Motivation

Direction and intensity of effort

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Need Achievement Theory

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Motivation

Direction and intensity of effort

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Need Achievement Theory

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account