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Compton scattering
The increase in wavelength of a photon after it scatters off a free or loosely bound electron, caused by the photon transferring energy and momentum to the electron.
De Broglie wavelength
The wavelength associated with any moving particle, equal to Planck's constant divided by the particle's momentum: $\lambda = h/p$.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the spreading of waves as they pass through an aperture or around an obstacle.