Notes for Key groups: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - IB | RevisionDojo
Key groups: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Notes
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The NAACP, founded in 1909, used legal challenges, lobbying, and mass activism to fight segregation and remains a leading force for civil rights in the United States.
Founded on February 12, 1909, in response to the 1908 Springfield, Illinois race riot.
From the beginning, it was a racially and religiously integrated organization.
Early members included notable figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, and Mary McLeod Bethune.
Its goal was to secure rights guaranteed by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments through legal means and political pressure.
Note
The 1908 Springfield, Illinois race riot erupted after false accusations against Black residents.
White mobs attacked the Black community, killing at least two people, destroying homes and businesses, and forcing many to flee.
The violence shocked the nation and directly inspired the founding of the NAACP in 1909.
Expansion and Focus
Expanded rapidly from 9,000 members in 1909 to about 500,000 by the end of World War II.
Focused on anti-lynching campaigns, civil rights legislation lobbying, and legal battles against segregation and discrimination in education.
Leadership and Legal Victories
Under leaders like Executive Secretary Walter White and legal strategist Charles Hamilton Houston, the NAACP played a pivotal role in landmark legal cases.
Most significant was Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
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Note
The Founding of the NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded on February 12, 1909, in response to the Springfield Race Riot of 1908. This violent outbreak in Abraham Lincoln's hometown highlighted the urgent need for a national organization to combat racial injustice.
DefinitionSpringfield Race RiotA violent racial attack in 1908 in Springfield, Illinois, that left several African Americans dead and many more injured, sparking national outrage.
NoteThe NAACP was founded by a diverse group of activists, including W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, and Mary White Ovington. This interracial coalition was a defining feature of the organization, reflecting its commitment to unity in the fight against racism.
ExampleThe NAACP's founding members included both African American and white activists, showcasing a unique collaboration for the time.
