IB History Topic International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Establishment
1. The ICTR was created by the UN Security Council in November 1994 (Resolution 955).
2. Its mandate was to prosecute those responsible for genocide and serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Rwanda during 1994.
Purpose
1. The tribunal aimed to aid national reconciliation and restore peace in the region.
Location
1. It was based in Arusha, Tanzania, near the site of earlier peace talks.

Common Mistake

Nature of the ICTR

Independent body
- The ICTR is an independent international body of justice.
- It is not part of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Ad hoc tribunal
- The ICTR was an ad hoc (temporary) tribunal, created specifically to prosecute those responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide and related crimes.
- It was accountable to the UN Security Council.

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

Tensions with Rwanda’s justice system
1. The Rwandan government and many citizens preferred local trials, but practical and security challenges meant trials were held in Tanzania.
2. The ICTR’s mandate often conflicted with Rwanda’s sovereignty and justice system, creating tensions.
3. Rwanda retained the death penalty, while the ICTR’s maximum sentence was life imprisonment.

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Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Establishment
1. The ICTR was created by the UN Security Council in November 1994 (Resolution 955).
2. Its mandate was to prosecute those responsible for genocide and serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Rwanda during 1994.
Purpose
1. The tribunal aimed to aid national reconciliation and restore peace in the region.
Location
1. It was based in Arusha, Tanzania, near the site of earlier peace talks.

Common Mistake

Nature of the ICTR

Independent body
- The ICTR is an independent international body of justice.
- It is not part of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or the International Criminal Court (ICC).
Ad hoc tribunal
- The ICTR was an ad hoc (temporary) tribunal, created specifically to prosecute those responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide and related crimes.
- It was accountable to the UN Security Council.

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

Tensions with Rwanda’s justice system
1. The Rwandan government and many citizens preferred local trials, but practical and security challenges meant trials were held in Tanzania.
2. The ICTR’s mandate often conflicted with Rwanda’s sovereignty and justice system, creating tensions.
3. Rwanda retained the death penalty, while the ICTR’s maximum sentence was life imprisonment.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

IB History International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Notes

IB History International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Notes

The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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IB History International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History International Impact: Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

The Establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (1994)

Tensions, Criticisms, and Achievements of the ICTR

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account