IB History Topic Wartime Sexual Violence Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB History Topic Wartime Sexual Violence Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Wartime Sexual Violence

During the Rwandan genocide, rape was systematically used as a weapon of war.
1. Tens of thousands of women and girls were subjected to sexual violence.
2. Estimates suggest between 250,000 and 500,000 women were raped during the 100 days of genocide.

Note

Sexual Violence and International Law

Before Rwanda and Kosovo
1. Sexual violence was usually categorized under “torture” or “cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.”
2. It was not formally recognized as a distinct crime.
Landmark Shift in the 1990s
1. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) established sexual violence as a crime in its own right.
2. These rulings confirmed sexual violence as both a tool of genocide and a war crime, shaping modern international criminal law.

Purpose and Strategy
1. Rape was used as a deliberate tactic to humiliate, terrorize, and attempt the extermination of the Tutsi population.
2. Women were regarded as bearers of cultural identity, so targeting them aimed to break down family structures and community continuity.
Symbolic and Social Impact
1. Perpetrators attacked women as the “mothers” of the community, disrupting lineage and social cohesion.
2. This had devastating consequences for post-genocide recovery and reconciliation.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Wartime Sexual Violence

During the Rwandan genocide, rape was systematically used as a weapon of war.
1. Tens of thousands of women and girls were subjected to sexual violence.
2. Estimates suggest between 250,000 and 500,000 women were raped during the 100 days of genocide.

Note

Sexual Violence and International Law

Before Rwanda and Kosovo
1. Sexual violence was usually categorized under “torture” or “cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment.”
2. It was not formally recognized as a distinct crime.
Landmark Shift in the 1990s
1. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) established sexual violence as a crime in its own right.
2. These rulings confirmed sexual violence as both a tool of genocide and a war crime, shaping modern international criminal law.

Purpose and Strategy
1. Rape was used as a deliberate tactic to humiliate, terrorize, and attempt the extermination of the Tutsi population.
2. Women were regarded as bearers of cultural identity, so targeting them aimed to break down family structures and community continuity.
Symbolic and Social Impact
1. Perpetrators attacked women as the “mothers” of the community, disrupting lineage and social cohesion.
2. This had devastating consequences for post-genocide recovery and reconciliation.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Wartime Sexual Violence Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Wartime Sexual Violence

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Wartime Sexual Violence

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account