IB History Topic The Great Revolt (indian Mutiny) of 1857 Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic The Great Revolt (indian Mutiny) of 1857 Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Causes of the Great Revolt (1857)

Political Causes
1. The Doctrine of Lapse (Dalhousie) allowed the annexation of Indian states without a male heir, including Jhansi, Satara, and Awadh (Oudh). Princes and nobles feared the loss of power.
Economic Causes
1. Heavy land taxes, loss of royal privileges, and the destruction of traditional crafts caused widespread poverty. British trade policies ruined Indian artisans and weavers.
Military Causes
1. Indian soldiers (sepoys) made up most of the British army but faced low pay, racial discrimination, and lack of promotion.
Religious and Social Causes
1. Reforms like the abolition of sati, promotion of Christian missions, and Western education were seen as threats to traditional beliefs.
Immediate Cause
1. The introduction of Enfield rifles using cartridges greased with cow and pig fat offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, sparking mutiny.

Definition

Sepoy

Indian soldier serving in the British army.

Definition

Cartridge Controversy

Spark of revolt due to religious insult over rifle cartridges.

Case study

The Sepoy Mutiny at Meerut (May 1857)

Outbreak

Sepoys at Meerut refused to use the new rifle cartridges.
The soldiers were punished, humiliated, and imprisoned by their officers.
On May 10, 1857, sepoys revolted, killed their officers, and marched to Delhi.
They declared the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II as leader of the uprising.
The rebellion spread rapidly across northern and central India.

Significance

Transformed from a military mutiny into a widespread rebellion.
United soldiers, peasants, and princes against British authority.
Revealed deep-rooted resentment against the East India Company.
Showed the fragility of British control in India.
Became a symbol of resistance and unity for later nationalist movements.

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(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Causes of the Great Revolt (1857)

Political Causes
1. The Doctrine of Lapse (Dalhousie) allowed the annexation of Indian states without a male heir, including Jhansi, Satara, and Awadh (Oudh). Princes and nobles feared the loss of power.
Economic Causes
1. Heavy land taxes, loss of royal privileges, and the destruction of traditional crafts caused widespread poverty. British trade policies ruined Indian artisans and weavers.
Military Causes
1. Indian soldiers (sepoys) made up most of the British army but faced low pay, racial discrimination, and lack of promotion.
Religious and Social Causes
1. Reforms like the abolition of sati, promotion of Christian missions, and Western education were seen as threats to traditional beliefs.
Immediate Cause
1. The introduction of Enfield rifles using cartridges greased with cow and pig fat offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers, sparking mutiny.

Definition

Sepoy

Indian soldier serving in the British army.

Definition

Cartridge Controversy

Spark of revolt due to religious insult over rifle cartridges.

Case study

The Sepoy Mutiny at Meerut (May 1857)

Outbreak

Sepoys at Meerut refused to use the new rifle cartridges.
The soldiers were punished, humiliated, and imprisoned by their officers.
On May 10, 1857, sepoys revolted, killed their officers, and marched to Delhi.
They declared the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II as leader of the uprising.
The rebellion spread rapidly across northern and central India.

Significance

Transformed from a military mutiny into a widespread rebellion.
United soldiers, peasants, and princes against British authority.
Revealed deep-rooted resentment against the East India Company.
Showed the fragility of British control in India.
Became a symbol of resistance and unity for later nationalist movements.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History The Great Revolt (indian Mutiny) of 1857 Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Causes of the Great Revolt (1857)

The Sepoy Mutiny at Meerut (May 1857)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Causes of the Great Revolt (1857)

The Sepoy Mutiny at Meerut (May 1857)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account