IB History Topic British Colonial System in India Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic British Colonial System in India Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Economic Effects of British Colonial Rule

Revenue Systems
1. The Permanent Settlement (1793) under Lord Cornwallis fixed land taxes in Bengal, favoring landlords (zamindars) and burdening peasants.
Commercialization of Agriculture
1. Indian farmers were forced to grow cash crops like indigo, opium, and cotton, reducing food production.
Deindustrialization
1. Indian textile industries declined due to competition with British factory goods.
Drain of Wealth
1. Profits from Indian land, trade, and taxes were sent to Britain, causing a “drain of wealth” from India.
Infrastructure Development
1. Construction of railways, roads, and telegraphs mainly served British trade and military needs, not Indian welfare.

Definition

Permanent Settlement

Fixed land tax system that benefited landlords and impoverished peasants.

Definition

Zamindar

Landowner responsible for collecting taxes under British rule.

Case study

The Permanent Settlement (1793)

Background and Purpose

Introduced by Lord Cornwallis to simplify revenue collection in Bengal.
Fixed land tax payments permanently, creating hereditary landlords (zamindars).
Aimed to increase efficiency and secure steady British revenue.
Ignored natural disasters or crop failures. Taxes remained constant.
Encouraged production for British markets, not local consumption.

Consequences

Many peasants lost land due to inability to pay high rents.
Landlords became absentee owners, neglecting rural welfare.
Agricultural productivity declined; famines became frequent.
Strengthened British control over rural India.
Created long-term economic inequality between landowners and farmers.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Economic Effects of British Colonial Rule

Revenue Systems
1. The Permanent Settlement (1793) under Lord Cornwallis fixed land taxes in Bengal, favoring landlords (zamindars) and burdening peasants.
Commercialization of Agriculture
1. Indian farmers were forced to grow cash crops like indigo, opium, and cotton, reducing food production.
Deindustrialization
1. Indian textile industries declined due to competition with British factory goods.
Drain of Wealth
1. Profits from Indian land, trade, and taxes were sent to Britain, causing a “drain of wealth” from India.
Infrastructure Development
1. Construction of railways, roads, and telegraphs mainly served British trade and military needs, not Indian welfare.

Definition

Permanent Settlement

Fixed land tax system that benefited landlords and impoverished peasants.

Definition

Zamindar

Landowner responsible for collecting taxes under British rule.

Case study

The Permanent Settlement (1793)

Background and Purpose

Introduced by Lord Cornwallis to simplify revenue collection in Bengal.
Fixed land tax payments permanently, creating hereditary landlords (zamindars).
Aimed to increase efficiency and secure steady British revenue.
Ignored natural disasters or crop failures. Taxes remained constant.
Encouraged production for British markets, not local consumption.

Consequences

Many peasants lost land due to inability to pay high rents.
Landlords became absentee owners, neglecting rural welfare.
Agricultural productivity declined; famines became frequent.
Strengthened British control over rural India.
Created long-term economic inequality between landowners and farmers.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History British Colonial System in India Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Economic Effects of British Colonial Rule

The Permanent Settlement (1793)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Economic Effects of British Colonial Rule

The Permanent Settlement (1793)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account