IB History Topic Key Developments 1858–1914 Revision Notes (HL)

IB History Topic Key Developments 1858–1914 Revision Notes (HL) | RevisionDojo

Political Developments: From Company to Crown Rule

Government of India Act (1858)
1. Ended East India Company rule; power transferred directly to the British Crown.
Viceroy and Secretary of State
1. Created the Viceroy of India (based in Calcutta) and Secretary of State for India (based in London) to centralize control.
Indian Civil Service (ICS)
1. Continued as the administrative backbone; most posts still reserved for British officials despite reform promises.
Limited Representation
1. Early councils included a few Indian elites, but they had no legislative power.
Rise of Political Awareness
1. Western-educated Indians began demanding greater participation, leading to the creation of the Indian National Congress (1885).

Definition

Viceroy

Crown-appointed ruler of India after 1858.

Definition

Indian National Congress (INC)

Political organization founded in 1885 to promote Indian representation.

Case study

The Government of India Act (1858)

Key Provisions

Abolished the British East India Company after the 1857 revolt.
Established direct British Crown rule through a Viceroy (replacing the Governor-General).
Created a Council of India in London to advise the Secretary of State.
Promised to respect Indian religions and customs (Queen’s Proclamation).
Unified administration but centralized power in British hands.

Impact

Improved communication between Britain and India through telegraphs and railways.
Removed Company corruption but not racial hierarchy.
Strengthened imperial bureaucracy and military presence.
Reinforced India’s status as the “Jewel in the Crown.”
Set foundation for future political demands for representation.

Growth of Political Consciousness and Reform

Indian National Congress (1885)
1. Formed by A.O. Hume and Indian leaders to promote peaceful dialogue with the British.
Partition of Bengal (1905):

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Note

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Political Developments: From Company to Crown Rule

Government of India Act (1858)
1. Ended East India Company rule; power transferred directly to the British Crown.
Viceroy and Secretary of State
1. Created the Viceroy of India (based in Calcutta) and Secretary of State for India (based in London) to centralize control.
Indian Civil Service (ICS)
1. Continued as the administrative backbone; most posts still reserved for British officials despite reform promises.
Limited Representation
1. Early councils included a few Indian elites, but they had no legislative power.
Rise of Political Awareness
1. Western-educated Indians began demanding greater participation, leading to the creation of the Indian National Congress (1885).

Definition

Viceroy

Crown-appointed ruler of India after 1858.

Definition

Indian National Congress (INC)

Political organization founded in 1885 to promote Indian representation.

Case study

The Government of India Act (1858)

Key Provisions

Abolished the British East India Company after the 1857 revolt.
Established direct British Crown rule through a Viceroy (replacing the Governor-General).
Created a Council of India in London to advise the Secretary of State.
Promised to respect Indian religions and customs (Queen’s Proclamation).
Unified administration but centralized power in British hands.

Impact

Improved communication between Britain and India through telegraphs and railways.
Removed Company corruption but not racial hierarchy.
Strengthened imperial bureaucracy and military presence.
Reinforced India’s status as the “Jewel in the Crown.”
Set foundation for future political demands for representation.

Growth of Political Consciousness and Reform

Indian National Congress (1885)
1. Formed by A.O. Hume and Indian leaders to promote peaceful dialogue with the British.
Partition of Bengal (1905):

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

IB History Key Developments 1858–1914 Notes

Paper 1 - The Move to Global War6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Rights and Protest6 subtopics

Paper 1 - Conflict and Intervention6 subtopics

Paper 2 - Independence Movements5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Emergence and Development of Democratic States5 subtopics

Paper 2 - Authoritarian States7 subtopics

Paper 2 - Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars4 subtopics

Paper 2 - The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries4 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Europe18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of the Americas18 subtopics

Paper 3 - History of Asia and Oceania18 subtopics

Political Developments: From Company to Crown Rule

The Government of India Act (1858)

Growth of Political Consciousness and Reform

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Political Developments: From Company to Crown Rule

The Government of India Act (1858)

Growth of Political Consciousness and Reform

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account