Notes for Rise of Prussia and Decline of Austria - IB | RevisionDojo
Rise of Prussia and Decline of Austria Notes
The Zollverein was a 19th-century German customs union led by Prussia that removed trade barriers and fostered economic unity among the German states. Formally starting in 1834, it laid the groundwork for the later political unification of Germany by promoting economic strength and shared interests.
Congress of Vienna (1815): After Napoleon’s defeat, Austria remained the dominant German power, but Prussia gained important territory in the Rhineland and Westphalia
Prussia’s strengths: Prussia had a strong, disciplined army and new industrial resources from its western lands, laying the foundation for growth.
Austria’s position: Austria controlled the German Confederation and chaired the Federal Diet at Frankfurt, but it was a multi-ethnic empire with internal problems and slower industrial growth.
Carlsbad Decrees (1819): Austria, led by Metternich, repressed nationalism and liberalism, which kept Austria in control in the short term but created resentment.
Zollverein (1834): Prussia created a customs union (no tariffs between member states), which most German states joined (but Austria stayed out). This boosted Prussia’s influence and sidelined Austria.
Economic growth: The Zollverein helped Prussia lead in trade, railways, and industry, strengthening its role as the economic leader of Germany.
Austria excluded: Austria was left outside the Zollverein, partly because its empire’s economy was weaker and it resisted free trade. This damaged Austria’s influence in German affairs.
Revolutions of 1848: Both Austria and Prussia faced revolts. Austria was weakened but recovered under conservative rule; Prussia showed its growing strength even though Frederick William IV rejected the Frankfurt crown.
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What was the Congress of Vienna's impact on Austria and Prussia?
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The Congress of Vienna in 1815 was a pivotal moment in European history, marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars and reshaping the political landscape of Europe. The Congress aimed to restore balance and stability after years of conflict.
Austria emerged as the dominant German power, maintaining control over the German Confederation
Prussia gained significant territories in the Rhineland and Westphalia, which would later prove crucial for its industrial growth
DefinitionCongress of Vienna
A meeting of European powers in 1815 to reorganize Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, aiming to restore balance and prevent future conflicts.
Analogy
Think of the Congress of Vienna as a giant puzzle where European powers were trying to fit pieces together to create a stable picture of Europe.
