Notes for Bismarck, Prussia and Final Unification - IB | RevisionDojo
Bismarck, Prussia and Final Unification Notes
Otto von Bismarck was a conservative Prussian statesman. He was a dominant figure in German and European politics from the 1860s until 1890. As Prussia's Prime Minister, he unified Germany through wars and diplomatic maneuvers.
Bismarck’s role: Otto von Bismarck became Prussian Prime Minister in 1862. He was a skilled diplomat who believed in uniting Germany under Prussian leadership through “blood and iron.”
Diplomacy: Bismarck was clever at isolating Austria and France. He made alliances or promises with other countries to make sure Prussia could fight its wars without facing too many enemies at once.
Economic strength: Prussia was already leading the Zollverein, the customs union. This gave it strong trade and money to support the army and new industries.
Army reforms: The Prussian army was modernized by General von Roon and General von Moltke. They improved training, weapons, and planning, making it the most efficient army in Europe.
Danish War (1864): Prussia and Austria fought together against Denmark over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Prussia gained more influence, but tensions with Austria grew.
Austro-Prussian War (1866): Bismarck made sure Austria had no strong allies, then defeated it in seven weeks at the Battle of Königgrätz. Prussia took control of northern Germany.
North German Confederation (1867): After defeating Austria, Bismarck created a new union of northern German states under Prussia’s leadership. Southern states stayed out for now.
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Note
Otto von Bismarck, known as the Iron Chancellor, became Prussian Prime Minister in 1862. He was a master of Realpolitik, a political philosophy focused on practical and pragmatic solutions rather than ideology.
Bismarck believed in uniting Germany under Prussian leadership through blood and iron
He was a skilled diplomat who could manipulate situations to his advantage
Analogy
Think of Bismarck as a chess grandmaster, always thinking several moves ahead and anticipating his opponents' moves.
DefinitionRealpolitik
A system of politics based on practical considerations rather than moral or ideological principles.
