Notes for Causes of the 1905 Revolution - IB | RevisionDojo
Causes of the 1905 Revolution Notes
Bloody Sunday was the massacre of peaceful, unarmed protesters in St. Petersburg, Russia, on January 22, 1905. Russian Imperial Guard soldiers fired on the demonstrators as they marched toward the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nichol
Peasant conditions: Most Russians were peasants living in poverty. They wanted more land and lower taxes, and were frustrated by redemption payments left over from serfdom.
Industrial workers: Russia’s cities grew fast, but workers faced long hours, low pay, and unsafe factories. Strikes and protests increased before 1905.
Social unrest: Different groups wanted change. Peasants wanted land, workers wanted better conditions, liberals wanted a constitution, and national minorities wanted more freedom.
Political repression: Nicholas II ruled as an autocrat, refusing real reform. Opposition groups like socialists and liberals were censored and targeted by the secret police.
Russo-Japanese War (1904–05): Russia lost badly to Japan. This was humiliating, damaged the tsar’s reputation, and caused shortages and economic problems at home.
Bloody Sunday (January 1905): Peaceful protesters led by Father Gapon marched in St Petersburg asking for reforms. Troops fired on the crowd, killing hundreds. This destroyed trust in the tsar.
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Note
The 1905 Revolution in Russia was a pivotal moment in Russian history, marking the first major challenge to Tsarist autocracy. This period was characterized by widespread social unrest, political upheaval, and economic hardship.
The revolution was not a single event but a series of protests, strikes, and uprisings that spread across the Russian Empire.
It was triggered by a combination of long-standing social and economic issues, as well as immediate political crises.
Definition1905 Revolution
A wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, including worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies.
Analogy
Think of the 1905 Revolution as a pressure cooker that had been building up steam for decades - the events of 1905 were when the lid finally blew off, releasing all the pent-up tensions in Russian society.
