Notes for Political, Social and Economic Changes in Britain - IB | RevisionDojo
Political, Social and Economic Changes in Britain Notes
Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, serving from 1979 to 1990. Known as "The Iron Lady" for her uncompromising leadership style, she introduced sweeping economic reforms that profoundly changed British society and politics.
Britain (UK) 1945–2000
Political Changes
1945–1951: Labour government under Clement Attlee created the welfare state, introduced the National Health Service (NHS), and nationalized key industries.
1950s–60s: Conservative governments focused on economic stability and gradual social reforms.
1970s: Political instability: three-day workweek, miners’ strikes, and the “Winter of Discontent” (1978–79).
1979–1990: Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) shifted to free-market policies, privatization, and reduced power of trade unions.
1997–2000: Tony Blair (Labour) introduced “New Labour”, combining market economics with social investment.
Economic Changes
Post-war austerity until the early 1950s, followed by consumer boom in the late 1950s–60s.
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What political changes occurred in Britain between 1945 and 1951?
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Note
After World War II, Britain underwent significant political changes that shaped its modern identity. The period from 1945 to 1951 saw the establishment of the welfare state under Clement Attlee's Labour government. This era marked a shift towards social responsibility and government intervention in key areas of society.
The National Health Service (NHS) was established in 1948, providing free healthcare to all citizens
Key industries such as coal, steel, and railways were nationalized
Social security systems were expanded to support those in need
AnalogyThink of the welfare state as a safety net designed to catch anyone who might fall through the cracks of society, ensuring basic needs are met for all citizens.
DefinitionWelfare StateA system where the government takes responsibility for the economic and social well-being of its citizens through various programs and services.
ExampleThe NHS is a prime example of the welfare state in action, providing free healthcare to all UK residents.
