Notes for Spain From Franco to Democracy (1939–2000) - IB | RevisionDojo
Spain From Franco to Democracy (1939–2000) Notes
Franco’s Regime (1939–1975)
Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco
Franco ruled Spain as a fascist-style authoritarian dictator after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939).
Political repression
Banned political parties (except his own Falange)
Censored media
Imprisoned and executed opponents.
Economic policy
Initially autarkic (self-sufficient), leading to shortages and stagnation in the 1940s–50s
Opened up in the 1960s with foreign investment and tourism.
Social policy:
Strong Catholic influence
Strict censorship
Traditional gender roles reinforced.
Foreign policy:
Neutral in WWII, but leaned toward Axis early
Later aligned with the West during the Cold War
Tip
Always connect Franco’s policies to control and stability, even when they brought some economic growth.
Common Mistake
Do not call Franco a Nazi. He was authoritarian and conservative but not fully aligned ideologically with Hitler.
Juan Carlos November 1975
Juan Carlos (1975–1982)
Franco died in 1975
King Juan Carlos I restored democracy instead of continuing dictatorship.
1978 Constitution:
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What social reforms were implemented post-1982?
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Note
After the Spanish Civil War ended in 1939, General Francisco Franco established a fascist-style authoritarian dictatorship that would rule Spain for the next 36 years. Franco's regime was characterized by strict control over all aspects of Spanish life, with power concentrated solely in his hands.
Franco became both Head of State and Head of Government, ruling through decrees
The regime was supported by the Falange (the only legal political party) and the Catholic Church
Spain became a one-party state with no democratic institutions
Analogy
Think of Franco's control like a spider web - he was at the center, with every thread of power leading back to him.
Note
Franco's regime was unique in Europe - while it shared features with fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, it also had strong conservative and monarchist elements.
