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Effendi
A title used in early-to-mid twentieth-century Egypt for educated, salaried professionals such as civil servants, teachers, lawyers, and army officers. The effendi class sat between the old landowning aristocracy and the rural and urban poor, and provided much of the leadership for nationalist and reform movements, including many of the Free Officers.
National Charter
A 1962 document outlining Nasser's vision for Egypt's political, social, and economic development. It established Arab socialism as the guiding ideology and mandated a 50% worker/farmer quota in the National Assembly.