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Hoa
Ethnic Chinese residents of Vietnam. The Hoa community, concentrated in southern Vietnam (especially Cholon district of Saigon/Ho Chi Minh City), numbered roughly 1.5 million in 1975. They were disproportionately targeted by the Vietnamese government's economic policies after reunification.
Humanitarian Operation (H.O.) program
A US-Vietnam bilateral resettlement program operating from 1989 that allowed former re-education camp detainees and their families to emigrate to the United States. The program processed approximately 160,000 people and was distinct from the earlier Orderly Departure Program.
Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (1975)
US federal law that allocated funds for the resettlement of Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian refugees. It authorized spending on housing, language training, and employment assistance for the first wave of evacuees.