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Free Officers
A secret group of Egyptian military officers, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, who carried out the 1952 coup that overthrew King Farouk and ended the Egyptian monarchy.
Muslim Brotherhood
An Islamist political organization founded in Egypt in 1928. Initially supportive of the Free Officers, it was banned by Nasser in 1954 after an assassination attempt, and its members were imprisoned or exiled.
Pan-Arabism
A political ideology advocating the unification of Arab peoples and nations into a single state or close political union, based on shared language, culture, and history. Nasser was its most prominent champion in the 1950s and 1960s.
Wafd Party
Egypt's dominant nationalist party, formed after the 1919 Revolution under Saad Zaghlul to demand independence from Britain. It led or shared power in most interwar governments but became associated with corruption and compromise with the monarchy and the British by the late 1940s.