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Foco theory
A revolutionary strategy developed by Ernesto 'Che' Guevara and theorised by Régis Debray in the 1960s. It held that a small armed guerrilla group (the foco) operating in rural areas could create the conditions for a broader revolution without waiting for a mass political movement to develop first. The theory drew on the Cuban example but failed in most other contexts, most visibly in Bolivia in 1967, where Guevara was captured and executed.
Junta
A committee or council that rules a country, usually after seizing power by force. The term is most commonly associated with military rulers of Latin American countries.