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Barefoot doctors
Rural health workers given basic medical training from the late 1960s onward to bring healthcare to areas with no doctors, part of Mao's wider effort to extend welfare provision into the countryside.
Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
A decade-long campaign launched by Mao in 1966 to purge the Communist Party of perceived counter-revolutionaries and reassert his own authority after the failures of the Great Leap Forward. It mobilised millions of Red Guards to attack the "Four Olds", closed schools and universities, and caused widespread social and political chaos until Mao's death in 1976.
Red Guards
Youth paramilitary groups mobilised by Mao during the Cultural Revolution to attack perceived class enemies, traditional culture, and Party officials accused of insufficient revolutionary zeal, often through public humiliation and violence.