IB History Expansion of Executive Power and Role of Federal Government Key Definitions

A system in which permanent public agencies use delegated authority and specialist knowledge to implement and enforce government policy.

A system in which federal, state, and local governments share funding and administration rather than operating in separate policy spheres.

Roosevelt's unsuccessful 1937 proposal to appoint additional federal judges when older judges declined to retire, potentially adding six Supreme Court seats.

A monetary system in which the value of money is tied to the value of gold. A country must hold the same value of gold as it has money in circulation. This limits how much money can be printed and helps prevent inflation, but also restricts economic flexibility.

A series of programmes, public works projects, financial reforms, and regulations introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939 in response to the Great Depression. Key agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), and the Social Security Administration. The New Deal expanded the federal government's role in the economy and established the principle that government bore responsibility for citizens' basic welfare.