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Economic expansionism
The use of trade, investment, tariffs, diplomatic pressure, naval protection, and territorial control to extend United States commercial influence abroad.
Turner Frontier Thesis
Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 argument that the American character, democratic, individualistic, and pragmatic, had been forged by the experience of continuous westward expansion. With the Census Bureau declaring the frontier closed in 1890, Turner worried that without new outlets, American democratic vitality would stagnate. Policymakers applied this argument to justify overseas expansion as the natural successor to continental settlement.