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Chollima Movement
A North Korean mass mobilisation campaign launched in 1958, named after a mythical winged horse capable of flying a thousand ri (roughly 400 km) per day. The Chollima Movement was modelled on Soviet Stakhanovite campaigns and called on workers to exceed production targets through ideological commitment and collective effort. It drove the rapid reconstruction of North Korea's heavy industry after the Korean War but also reinforced the pattern of state-directed overreporting of production figures.
UNKRA (UN Korean Reconstruction Agency)
The United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency, established in December 1950 to oversee post-war rebuilding in Korea. UNKRA operated from 1951 to 1958 and channelled approximately $146 million into South Korean reconstruction, funding schools, hospitals, factories, and infrastructure. It worked alongside bilateral US aid programs (primarily under the Korean Reconstruction Agency, or CRIK) which provided a far larger total of around $1.5 billion to South Korea between 1953 and 1961.