IB Global Politics Topic State, National and Local Governments, and Agencies Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Global Politics Topic State, National and Local Governments, and Agencies Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

State, National, and Local Governments, and Agencies

National governments prioritize development to ensure legitimacy, stability, and improved living standards. Development aims differ by country:
1. US: job creation and economic growth.
2. China: high-quality socialist development.
3. South Africa: education, healthcare, infrastructure.
Governments address:
1. Domestic development
2. Global poverty reduction

Case study

China: Economic Growth vs. Developmental Costs

Background
- Since 1978: avg. 9% GDP growth/year
- Over 800 million lifted out of poverty (largest in history)
- Growth driven by:
- High investment
- Export-led manufacturing
- Low-cost labour
Developmental Costs
- Environmental degradation:
  - Severe air & water pollution
  - High greenhouse gas emissions
  - Damage from carbon-intensive industries
- Human rights concerns:
  - Labour exploitation
  - Unsafe working conditions
  - Excessive overtime, exposure to harmful chemicals
Key Insight
- Demonstrates trade-offs between:
  - Economic growth
  - Social justice
  - Environmental sustainability
- Raises concerns about the long-term sustainability and ethics of growth-first models

Other State & National Approaches to Development

Wellbeing Economy Governments (WEGo) – e.g. Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Bhutan
Focus on social, political, environmental, and human development rather than GDP.
Strategies include:
1. Finland: Health literacy taught in schools

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Tip

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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State, National, and Local Governments, and Agencies

National governments prioritize development to ensure legitimacy, stability, and improved living standards. Development aims differ by country:
1. US: job creation and economic growth.
2. China: high-quality socialist development.
3. South Africa: education, healthcare, infrastructure.
Governments address:
1. Domestic development
2. Global poverty reduction

Case study

China: Economic Growth vs. Developmental Costs

Background
- Since 1978: avg. 9% GDP growth/year
- Over 800 million lifted out of poverty (largest in history)
- Growth driven by:
- High investment
- Export-led manufacturing
- Low-cost labour
Developmental Costs
- Environmental degradation:
  - Severe air & water pollution
  - High greenhouse gas emissions
  - Damage from carbon-intensive industries
- Human rights concerns:
  - Labour exploitation
  - Unsafe working conditions
  - Excessive overtime, exposure to harmful chemicals
Key Insight
- Demonstrates trade-offs between:
  - Economic growth
  - Social justice
  - Environmental sustainability
- Raises concerns about the long-term sustainability and ethics of growth-first models

Other State & National Approaches to Development

Wellbeing Economy Governments (WEGo) – e.g. Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Bhutan
Focus on social, political, environmental, and human development rather than GDP.
Strategies include:
1. Finland: Health literacy taught in schools

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics

Assessment Guides4 subtopics

IA Engagement Project1 subtopic

IB Global Politics State, National and Local Governments, and Agencies Notes

Core: Understanding power and global politics6 subtopics

Rights and Justice4 subtopics

Development and Sustainability4 subtopics

Peace and Conflict4 subtopics

Assessment Guides4 subtopics

IA Engagement Project1 subtopic

State, National, and Local Governments, and Agencies

China: Economic Growth vs. Developmental Costs

Other State & National Approaches to Development

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

State, National, and Local Governments, and Agencies

China: Economic Growth vs. Developmental Costs

Other State & National Approaches to Development

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account