IB Geography Topic D.2.2 Hazard Magnitude and Frequency Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic D.2.2 Hazard Magnitude and Frequency Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

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Assessing Risk Based on Intensity and Recurrence

Magnitude: Measuring the Strength of Hazards

Definition

Magnitude

Magnitude quantifies the energy released during a natural event. It refers to the size or intensity of a hazard.

Earthquakes: Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)

Richter Scale:

Developed in 1935, this scale measures the amplitude of seismic waves.
It is logarithmic, meaning each whole number increase represents a tenfold increase in wave amplitude and about 32 times more energy release.

Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw):

This modern scale measures the total energy released by an earthquake.
It considers factors like fault slip, area of rupture, and rock rigidity.
Mw is more accurate for large earthquakes and has largely replaced the Richter Scale.

A magnitude 7 earthquake releases over 1,000 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake, illustrating why higher magnitude events are far more destructive.

Common Mistake

Students often confuse the Richter Scale with the Moment Magnitude Scale. Remember, the Richter Scale measures wave amplitude, while Mw measures total energy released.

Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

The VEI measures eruption intensity based on:

Volume of material ejected

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IB Geography D.2.2 Hazard Magnitude and Frequency Notes

Assessing Risk Based on Intensity and Recurrence

Magnitude: Measuring the Strength of Hazards

Earthquakes: Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)

Richter Scale:

Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw):

Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

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Assessing Risk Based on Intensity and Recurrence

Magnitude: Measuring the Strength of Hazards

Earthquakes: Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)

Richter Scale:

Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw):

Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

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1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography D.2.2 Hazard Magnitude and Frequency Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Assessing Risk Based on Intensity and Recurrence

Magnitude: Measuring the Strength of Hazards

Earthquakes: Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)

Richter Scale:

Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw):

Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Assessing Risk Based on Intensity and Recurrence

Magnitude: Measuring the Strength of Hazards

Earthquakes: Richter Scale and Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw)

Richter Scale:

Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw):

Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account