IB Geography Topic D.2.3 Risk Factors and Vulnerabilities Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic D.2.3 Risk Factors and Vulnerabilities Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Social, Economic, and Political Influences on Hazard Impacts

Social, economic, and political factors that shape vulnerability and resilience.

Economic Factors: Wealth, Technology, and Infrastructure

1. Levels of Development

High-Income Countries (HICs): Better infrastructure, such as earthquake-resistant buildings and advanced transportation networks, reduces damage and speeds up recovery.
Low-Income Countries (LICs): Poorly constructed buildings and limited infrastructure increase vulnerability.

Example

Haiti Earthquake (2010): Many buildings collapsed due to poor construction, leading to widespread devastation.

2. Access to Technology

Forecasting and Early Warning Systems: Advanced technology helps predict hazards and issue timely warnings.
Communication Networks: Reliable systems ensure that warnings reach vulnerable populations.

Example

Japan's Tsunami Warning System: Saved thousands of lives during the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

Note

Tip

Countries with strong technological capabilities can better predict and respond to hazards, reducing their impacts.

3. Insurance and Financial Resources

Insurance Coverage: Wealthier individuals and businesses can recover more quickly with insurance.
Government Resources: HICs can allocate funds for disaster relief and recovery, while LICs may rely on international aid.

Note

Economic factors influence not only the immediate impact of a hazard but also the speed and effectiveness of recovery efforts.

Social Factors: Education, Gender, and Awareness

1. Education and Awareness

Preparedness: Educated populations are more likely to understand risks and take preventive measures.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Social, Economic, and Political Influences on Hazard Impacts

Social, economic, and political factors that shape vulnerability and resilience.

Economic Factors: Wealth, Technology, and Infrastructure

1. Levels of Development

High-Income Countries (HICs): Better infrastructure, such as earthquake-resistant buildings and advanced transportation networks, reduces damage and speeds up recovery.
Low-Income Countries (LICs): Poorly constructed buildings and limited infrastructure increase vulnerability.

Example

Haiti Earthquake (2010): Many buildings collapsed due to poor construction, leading to widespread devastation.

2. Access to Technology

Forecasting and Early Warning Systems: Advanced technology helps predict hazards and issue timely warnings.
Communication Networks: Reliable systems ensure that warnings reach vulnerable populations.

Example

Japan's Tsunami Warning System: Saved thousands of lives during the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

Note

Tip

Countries with strong technological capabilities can better predict and respond to hazards, reducing their impacts.

3. Insurance and Financial Resources

Insurance Coverage: Wealthier individuals and businesses can recover more quickly with insurance.
Government Resources: HICs can allocate funds for disaster relief and recovery, while LICs may rely on international aid.

Note

Economic factors influence not only the immediate impact of a hazard but also the speed and effectiveness of recovery efforts.

Social Factors: Education, Gender, and Awareness

1. Education and Awareness

Preparedness: Educated populations are more likely to understand risks and take preventive measures.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography D.2.3 Risk Factors and Vulnerabilities Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Social, Economic, and Political Influences on Hazard Impacts

Economic Factors: Wealth, Technology, and Infrastructure

1. Levels of Development

2. Access to Technology

3. Insurance and Financial Resources

Social Factors: Education, Gender, and Awareness

1. Education and Awareness

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Social, Economic, and Political Influences on Hazard Impacts

Economic Factors: Wealth, Technology, and Infrastructure

1. Levels of Development

2. Access to Technology

3. Insurance and Financial Resources

Social Factors: Education, Gender, and Awareness

1. Education and Awareness

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account