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Consumer Price Index (CPI)
A measure of the cost of living carried out by comparing the value of a basket of goods and services in a given year to a base year.
Cost-push inflation
A type of inflation caused by rising production costs, such as higher wages or input prices, which reduce aggregate supply and push the price level up.
Deflation
A sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time, typically indicated by a negative inflation rate.
Demand-pull inflation
A type of inflation caused by an increase in aggregate demand that exceeds aggregate supply at the full employment level.
Disinflation
A slowdown in the rate of inflation, meaning prices are still rising but at a slower pace compared to previous periods.