IB Digital Society 5.2C Diversity and Discrimination Key Definitions

The design of digital systems so that people with disabilities can use them, through features like screen readers, captions, and alternative ways to input. Well-designed systems widen inclusion, while poorly designed ones create new barriers.

Systematic, unfair outcomes produced by a computer system, often because the data it learned from under-represents some groups or encodes past inequality. In healthcare it can mean a tool works well for some patients and poorly for others.

A systematic error in an algorithm that produces unfair outcomes, often by favouring one group over another.

A machine learning application that identifies or verifies a person from an image or video by comparing patterns in their facial features against stored data.

Speech that attacks or demeans a person or group because of a characteristic such as race, religion, gender, or disability. Digital networks can spread it quickly and widely, which is why platforms and laws try, imperfectly, to limit it.