IB Digital Society 2.3 Identity Key Definitions

A systematic error in an algorithm that produces unfair outcomes, often by favouring one group over another.

A digital figure or character that represents a person in an online space, which they can design and control to stand in for themselves.

The flattening of many separate audiences into one, so that something you share for one group is seen by others, making it hard to tailor how you present yourself.

The gap between people who have reliable access to digital systems and the skills to use them and those who do not, a gap that tends to follow existing lines of income, age, geography, and ability.

The lasting trail of data a person leaves through their online activity, including posts they share and records collected about them without their action.

The online representation of a person, group, or community, built from their profiles, activity, and the data collected about them.

The qualities, beliefs, and characteristics that define a person, group, or community. Identity is shaped by others and by context, so it is not fixed.

The idea that a person's identity is made of several factors at once, such as gender, race, class, age, and ability, which overlap and combine to shape their experience rather than acting one at a time.

The tendency for people to act more freely online than they would face to face, saying or doing things they normally would not, encouraged by factors such as anonymity and not seeing the other person.

A person's ability to control what information about themselves is collected, who can see it, and how it is used.

The systematic monitoring of people's behaviour, often through digital data, by a state or company, whether or not those being watched are aware of it.

The set of examples used to teach a machine learning model. The quality, quantity, and representativeness of the training data shape what the model learns and any bias it inherits.