IB Digital Society 4.2C Goods, Services, and Currencies Key Definitions

Making a physical object by building it up layer by layer from a digital design, allowing goods to be produced on demand close to where they are needed.

A shared, append-only record made of blocks linked by cryptographic codes, so that any later tampering is easy to detect and the data stays trustworthy without a central authority.

Paying for goods and services electronically rather than with physical cash, for example by card, bank transfer, or mobile app.

A digital currency secured by cryptography and recorded on a blockchain, which is not issued or controlled by any central bank or government.

The gap between people who have reliable access to digital systems and the skills to use them and those who do not, a gap that tends to follow existing lines of income, age, geography, and ability.

Products that exist only in digital form and are delivered online, such as e-books, apps, games, music files, and in-game items, rather than as physical objects.

An app or service that stores payment details and money digitally on a phone or computer, letting a person pay, send, and receive funds without a physical card or cash.

The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet, including online stores, marketplaces, and digital payment systems.

A unique record stored on a blockchain that certifies ownership of a specific digital item, such as an image or video, even though the item itself can still be copied and viewed by anyone.

Delivering audio or video over the internet so it plays in real time without being downloaded and kept. It shifts culture from owning copies of media to paying for access to it.